Bakmaha ulela - බක් මහ උළෙල හා ඓතිහාසික තොරතුරු

[Sudeera]

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bk~mh u@Ll @hvw~ alEw~ avRr#qE u@Ll XWY lAk`@v| j`wQk sAs~k^wQk m@h`~w~svy @ls s#l@k~. vQvQ{ @w`rwOr#, @ewQh`sQk @l~Kn s`{k h` jnpYv`qynt anRv, sQAhl alEw~ avRr#qE uw~svy, sQyvs~ gNn`vk~ awWw@y~ ptn~ @b`@h`~ rjqr#vn~@g~ anRgYhy lbmQn~ aq qk~v` pvw~v` @gn enR lbn~nkQ.

pN~dRk`xy rjR yt@w~ ek~@s~sw~ gY`m p`ln kYmyk~ lAk`@v| a#wQ vR mRl~m avs~}`@v|qWw~, e~ rjR kOd` kl sQt XQl~p X`s~wY h#q$r#@v|, @q~v vn~qn` mn~wY h` n#k#w~ X`s~wYyn~hQ hsl q#nRmQn~ yRw~ pN~dRl gY`m@y~, pN~dRl bY`h~mNy` @vwQnQ. e~ vnvQt n#k#w~ anRv p#v#w~vRNR uw~sv wQbRN` vn~nt q b#rQ n#w. kQY. pR. 236 qW @q~v`nm|pQywQs~s rjR qvs jnw`v awrw~ v#dQm jnghnyk~ vR sQAhlyn~ @b_q~{@y`~ bvt pw~vRh. @pr ptn~ s$m k`r\yk;m n#k#w~ c`rQwY anRv krlWmt ov|hR e~ vnvQtw~ pRr#qEv sQtQ@y`~y. hQn~qE smy: bRqE smy phL vR@y~w~. v&`p~w vR@y~w~ x`rw @q~Xy mRl~@k`tgw~ @prqQg @l`~k@ynQ. eb#vQn~ @m| a`gm| aqhn ay awr smWp sb[w`, a@n&`n& av@b`~{y, mQwYXWlW bv a`qQ gON`Ag wQbWm kQsQvkOtvw~ vLk~v`lQy @n`h#kQ wrm| vR kr#NkQ.

XWY lAk`@v| mh j`wQy sQAhlyn~ vn b#vQn~ @m| u@Ll s`m`n&@yn~ "sQAhl alEw~ avRr#q~q "@ls v#dQ@qn` h[En~vnR l#@b|. e@hw~ @m| u@Ll sQAhl h` @qmL j`wWn~ @qkm a#wOLw~v s`mRhQkv p#v#w~@vn uw~svyk~ @ls h#[Qn~vWmq vd`w~ s`{`rNy. e@hw~ a@p~ r@tQ @b`@h`~ vQt h#[Qn~@vn~@n~ @m| uw~svy "sQAhl h` hQn~qE alEw~ avRr#qE u@Ll" kQy`y. a#w~@wn~m j`wQk u@Llk~ e@ls h#[Qn~vWm pQLQb[v nm| ap rt a#w#m| vQq~vwOn~ awr ak#m#w~wk~ pL vRNR avs~}`vn~ q a#w#m| vQt ap q#k a#w. sQAhl ynR mnR;& vr\gyk~ h[En~vn n`mykQ. hQn~qE ynR a`gmk~ h#[Qn~vWmt up@y`~gkQ kL n`mykQ. e~ anRv sQAhl h` hQn~qE alEw~ avRr#qE u@Ll kQy` @m| u@Ll h#[Qn~vWm sRqEsRq? @mhQqW sQAhl h` qmQL j`wQk avRr#qE u@Ll kQy` h#[Qn~vRvw~, "@b_q~{ h` hQn~qE alEw~ avRr#qE u@Ll" kQy` h#[Qn~vRvw~ ehQ a#wQ vrqk~ apht @pn@nn~t @n`m#w. e~ nQs` @m| vcn m`r#v nQv#rFqQ kr@gn x`vQw kQrW@m| a#wQ v#qgw~km p#h#qQlQ @ls @p@nn~nt a#w.

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bk~mh u@Ll @ewQh`sQk @w`rwOr# a`XY@yn~

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@l`~ky a[ErQn~ a`@l`~kmw~ krn sRr\y qQv& r`jy`@g~ bl mhQmy mw @l`~k@yhQ p#v#w~m wWrNy @k@rn bv jn sm`jy wOL awWw@y~ ptn~ p#v#wQ vQX~v`syk~ vQy. vQ@X~;@yn~ x`rw@y~w~. @l`v @b`@h`~ rtvlw~ sRr\y @q~v vn~qn`v uw~kr\;vw~ an~qmQn~ pvw~vn~@n~ @mkW sRr\y sAkY`n~wQy sQqEvn~@n~ sRr\yy` r`XQ @q`L@h~m gmn~ @k`t vsrk~ gwvW@mn~ anwOr#v mWn r`XQyt p#mQNW@mnQ. mWn r`XQ@yn~ @m|; r`XQyt s#pw~ vWm n#vw sQqEvWm smrmQn~ mRU mhw~ j`wQyk~ smgQ sm|pn~n m`vwkt @y`mR krnR lbn~@n~ @m| j`wQk avRr#qE u@Ll mRl~@k`t @gny. mWn r`XQ@y~ sQt n#vw @m|; r`XQyt p#mQNWmt @pr n#kwk~ n#wQ "@n`ngw k`lyk~" wQ@b|. @m| sAkY`n~wQk k`ly apl k`lyk~ @ls @j&`wQr\ vQq&`nRkSlv s#l@k~. a@p~ p#rFN~@n`~ @m| @n`ng k`ly gw k@L~ pRN& ktyRwOvl @yqWm s[h`y. sQAhl avRr#qE k`l@yhQ @kLQ @sl~lm| @n`krm b#rQvn~@n~, @n`ngw k`l@yhQqW v#d kQrWm whnm| nQs`y. eqQ@nq` p#rFNQ @kLQ @sl~lm| r`XQyk~ alEwQn~ pN lbn~@n~ @gwOl @h`~ mQqEl @h`~ eLQmh@n~qWy.

@hL@y`~ nv vsrt nvmR bvkQn~ yRwOv s#qW p#h#qW s#rsW u@Ll p#v#w~vW@m| a@p~k;`@vn~ sQtWm @mhQ asQrQy @ls s#lkQy h#k. awWw@y~ ptn~m bk~mh u@Ll pvw~vn sm@yhQ @kw~vwOvlQn~ pLQn~ br vW sm^q~{Qy vQqh`p`n ayRr# qk~n` l#@b|. atR @k`tR pQrW @g`s~, awmQtq sr#s`r vW wQ@bn bvq pQLQg#@n~ nv avRr#q~qt pQvQsW@m|qW n#k#w~ c`rQwY v`rQwYvlt mRl~w#n @qmQn~ nv a#[Em| p#L[E@mn~ s#rsW k#vRm|, @k`kQs~, a`s~mQ, awQrs, mRAk#vRm|, alEv`, p#NQ vLlE, kQrQbw~, p#NQbw~ a`qQvR rsvw~ k$@mn~ bW@mn~ s#nhW @kLQQ@sl~lmQn~ @y@qmQn~ prN avRr#q~q ik~mv` @prmgt p` w#bWm ap pvw~v` @gn en h#qQy` c`rQwYykQ.

k^;Q a`r\}Qk : k`r\mQk kl`w~mk @s_n~qr\y`w~mk jWvn rt`vkt n#BRr#vR a`gm`nRkSl cr\y` {r\m anRgmny krn sQAhly` s#h#l~lE@vn~ vd`w~ c`m| @ls jWvw~ vRh. sQAhly` bk~mh uq`v pQLQb[ a`rAcQy pLmR@vn~m q#nRvw~ bv lbn~@n~ @k`vRl`@g~ mQhQrQ n`q@ynQ.

"erbqE ml~ @m`tQtR @m`tQtR : avRr#q~qw~ kQtQtR kQtQtR" ynR ehQ s[hn~ jn gWykQ.

mh`c`r\y pRAcQbN~d`r sn~ns~gl sRrWn~ pvs` a#wQ prQqQ "sQAhl j`wQ@y~ mhw~ hrsryt lk~v wQ@bn pLmR uw~sv qQny h#tQyt mQhQ[E hQmQ k`l@y~ sQtm "sQAhl avRr#qE c`rQwY p#v#w~vWm" sm|mwv pvwW. eqQnt nQymQw c`rQwY`vlQy j`wQy vQsQn~ @n`pQrQ@hl` itR kL yRwOy. ewOm` @pn~v` @qn prQqQ mhQn~q`gmny smg x`rw@y~ p#vwQ @q~vsAkl~p@y~ pYmRK hQr# @qvQyn~ @vw uph`r pQqWm @v|q@y~ upn~ nk;~wYyt anRv bk~ms 13 qQnt eL#@Bn bvw~y.

@pr kl qBqQv| wl@yhQ bRqEn~ vhn~@s~t smk`lWnv a@p~ bk~mh u@Llt sm`n vR "gQrg~g smj~j" nmQn~ g#yRm| v#yRm|vlQn~ yRw~ vQ@X~; uw~svyk~ p#v#wQ bv "{m|mpqtQTk}`" @v| s[hn~v a#wQ b#v| @p@n~. @m| pQLQb[v mh`c`r\y vQl~@hl~m| @@ggr\ pvs` sQtQn~@n~ ekW uw~svy a`gmQk uw~svykt vd` vQ@n`~q uw~svyk~ @ls p#v#w~vRNR bvt s#lkQy h#kQ bvy. gWYsQ@y~ kQY. pR. 250 qW p#v#w~vRNR vsn~w s#N@kLQy sXWYkw~v@y~ sA@k~wyk~ @ls p#v#wQ b#v| @p@n~. @m| uw~svy jly sm|bn~{v p#vwQn. x`rw@yhQ "gQrg~g smj~j v#nQ k`m uw~sv gNn`vk~ sRr\y s#N@kLQ sm@yhQ p#v#w~vQN.

bk~m`s@yhQ nvs[ b#lWmw~ avRr#qE c`rQwY@y~ @k`tsk~ @v|. evn~ avRr#qE s[ n#rBR wr#NykO k`n~w`vn~@g~ pQYy mn`p vR sm`gmt vQ@X~;@yn~ sRqEsR @v| y#yQ awWw "sWgQrQ gWyk~" a#sRrQn~ mh`c`r\y @snrw~ prNvQw`n @pn~v`qW a#w. ey k`@m`~w~svy h` sm|bn~{ vtQn`kmk~ qrn bvq @h@wm pvs` a#w. bk~m`s@yhQ nvs[ @qs b#lR k;N@yhQm v`sn`vn~w mRhRNk~ @qs bl` p#NQ rsvQ[QmQn~ wm sRr@whQ a#wQ mRwO m#NQk~ mQl mRql~ @qs b#lW@mn~, lb` en nv vsr @s_x`g& y h` v`sn`v LM` kr g#nWmt @h~wOv`sn` vn~@n~ y#yQ gm|bq v#dQhQtQ ugwOn~ awr pQLQg#nWmk~ wQ@b|.

pRj& bq~@q~gm vQmlvAX hQmQ a@p~ sAs~k^wQy gYn~}@yhQ avRr#qE uw~svy : m`w^k`v (67 pQtR) @m@ls s[hn~ kr a#w.

"hQr# @qvQy` a#qhWm @m| uw~svy a`rm|xyt @h~wO vQy. a`r\y jnw`v awr hQr# @q~v vQX~vs`y upn~@n~ y#yQ kQv h#kQyQ".

@pr ap s[hn~ kL prQqQ awWw k`l@yhQ mQnQs` @s`b` qhmt @q~vw~v@yn~ pRqnR l#bRh. ir: s[: av|v : v#s~s @m| sQyl~l mQnQs`@g~ @g`vQw#n~ bw kr g#nWmt avX& vQy. bk~m`s@y~qW ir# @qvQyn~, s[ @qvQyn~, pw~wQnQ @qvQyn~ sQAhl @b_q~{yn~ @vwQn~ v#[Em| pQqEm| lbwQ. an`gw@y~qW bRqE bv lbn~nt @pr#m| pRrn pw~wQnQ @qvQ@y`~ sXWYkw~vy @gn @qwQ. @ld @r`~g sRv krwQ. a#@g~ @q~v`xrN @ls s#l@kn~@n~ pw~wQnQ sLByQ. a$ sw~vrk~ upn~ nQs` "sw~pw~wQnQQ" @v|. pw~wQnQ @q~v a#qhQl~l q sQAhl avRr#qE sm@yhQ jnpQYywm a#qhQl~lkQ.

wvw~ a@wkQn~ slk` bln vQt awWw@y~ ptn~ sQAhl alEw~ avRr#qE uw~svy p#v#w~vR@y~ ap rt p#v#wQ a`gmQk c`rQwY v`rQwYynt mRl~w#n @qmQnQ. anRr`{pRr jysQrQ mh@b`~ smQ[En~ vhn~@s~ q, XWY qLq` vhn~@s~ q @vnR@vn~ @mrt vg` kL alEw~ shLQn~ pQsR kQrQbwk h` phn~ pRj`vk~q pvw~v`, sQAhl@y~ alEw~ avRr#qE uw~svy p#v#w~vW@m| q`nmy pRj`vk~q, pR;~@p`~p pRj`vk~q p#v#w~vW@m| ktyRwO a`rm|x kr a#wQ bvt q s`{k wQ@b|.

;; r`jsQAh rjsm@yhQ udrt r`j&@yhQ (1660:1679) k`l@yhQ sQrkr#vkO @ls kl~@gv` eyQn~ nQqhs l#bR iAgWYsQ j`wQk "@r`btQ @n`k~s~" @g~ "eq` @hLqQv" iAgWYsQ gYn~}@yhQ s[hn~ prQqQ s$m vsrkm m`r\wO ms 27:28:29 qQnvlt avRr#qE c`rQwY, @yqW wQbRN bvy. rjwOm` r`j& nQl{`rWn~ h` jnw` shx`gWw~v@yn~ c`rQwY anRgmny sQqEvW a#w. ehQ @m@s~ q s[hn~ @v|.

"uq$snm avqQvn rjwOm` hQs~@s`~q` s~n`ny kr avRr#qE u@Ll c`rQwYvlt mhw~ uvmn`@vn~ sRq`nm| @v|. rj m`LQg@y~ @q`rtRvk~ p`s` @w`rN~ b#[ aw&lAk`r @ls srsnR l#@b|. @w`rN~vl @gdQvl el~l` alAk`rvw~ @k`t a#w. rj m`LQgy @qv| vQmnk~ b[Ey. aqQk`rm| qQs`v v#nQ wnwOr# @h`bvn nQl{`rWn~ rjRt agn` rn~ a`xrN, kl`w~mkv nQm`vRNR @l`~hmy w#tQ pQrQnmnR @p@n~. jnw`v awr q nQqhs~ avRRr#qE u@Ll vQ@n`~q@yn~ p#v#w~vRNR awr ov|hR rj m#qEr , @vw mhw~ hrsrQn~ p#mQN mWp#NQ, p#NQvr\g, plwOr# h` k#vQlQq pYq`ny kr a#w. sRvQ@X~;W kl` pYvWnyn~@g~ agn` kl`w~mk x`N~d q rjRt pQrQn#mQN.

bQYw`n& yRg@y~ iAgWYsQ nQl{`rQ @d`yQlQ pvs` sQtQn~@n~ sQAhl avRr#q~q apQY@yl~ 11:14 qk~v` @yqW wQbRNR bvw~, avRr#qE u@Ll p#v#w~vWmt udrt rj m`LQgy s#rsWmtq, n`} @q~v`l@y~qW vQ@X~;Qwv s#ksRNR n`nR mhw~ hrsrQn~ qLq` m`LQg`v a#wOU a@nkOw~ pn~sl~vlt @prh#rQn~ pQtw~ kr h#rQ bvy. in~psR hQs@wl~ g$m sQqEvR ayRr#q s[hn~ @v|.

p#rFNQ sQAhly`t avX& vR@y~ ky @mn~m mns swpv`ln vQ@n`~qy h` bRq~{Qy LM` kr@qn kWYd` bv vQ@q&`~qy vQX~vvQq&`l@y~ m`nv vQq&` mh`c`r\y pW. I. pW. q#rNQygl mhw` sm|p`qny kr a#wQ "sQAhl@y~ wY`sjnk kWYd`" nm| k^wQ@yn~ @hLQ @v|. mll @p`r a#l~lWm wr#Nyn~@g~ X`rWrQk Xk~wQy vQqh` qk~vn kWYd`vk~ vR awr a#m|b#k~@k~ lW k#tym|kl`v mgQn~ mRr\wQ XQl~pWhR ekW avs~}` iqQrQpw~ @k`t a#w. bk~mh u@Ll h` b#[ENR olQ[ kWYd`@vhQ @y@qn wr#NQyn~. yRvwQyn~ gyn gWwvlQn~ a@p~ ytgQy`v iwQh`sgw @w`rwOr# lb` @qn~@n~y. e@ls gyn @p_r`NQk gWyk~ @m@s~y.

"olQ[ wQ@bn~@n~ : @k`yQ @k`yQ@q~@s~

olQ[ wQ@yn~@n~ : bAglQ@q~@s~

@gnw~ sqn~@n~ : sQAhl @q~@s~

@gnw~ sqn~@n~ : sQAhl @q~@s~"

@my wvw~ pqvlQn~ nQm`@v|. @m| gW@yn~ gm& vn~@n~, a$w awWw@yhQ sQAhlyn~ @bAg`l @q~X@y~ orQs~s`@vn~ p#mQNQ bvt p#h#qQlQvn v`g~ vQq&`w~mk s`{kyk~ b#v| ugwOn~@g~ mwy @v|.

avRr#qE c`rQwY pvw~vn @v|l`v : gYh ckYy h` @j&`wWr\ vQq&`v anRv pYk`X kQrW@m| vQ@X~;Z`w` q#nRm awWw@y~ sQtm sQqE krnR l#bR@v| @j&`wQr\ vQq&`vr#n~ vQsQnQ.

pRN& k`l@yn~ psR alEw~ avRr#q~q uq`vWmw~ smg lQp gQnQ @mlvWm wOLQn~ sA@k~wvw~ vRR@y~ a`@l`~ky LM` kr g#nWmy. phnk~ q#l~vW@mn~ q a#wQvn~@n~ em a`@l`~ky m#yQ. eLkQrQ mQXY kQrQbw~ a`h`ryk~ pQLQ@yl kr g#nW@mn~ nQv@s~ @s_x`g& a#wQ vn bv pYvWn @j&`wWr\ vQq&`Z v$vl @pY~mq`s sQy aqhs~ pL kr a#w. eL@qn XOq~{ vR sw~vykO @ls awWw@y~ sQt s#lkON awr a#y lb`@qn kQrQvlQn~q mQnQs`@g~ @s_x`g& LM` kr g#nW@m| v`sn` gONy an~wr\gwv a#w.

awWw@y~ a@p~ @gvl~vl mRlQn~m gnR@qnR k@L~ LQ[ smgy. g^hNQy @n`@h`w~ am|m` LQ[t sRqEml~ kWpyk~, aMOr# k#b#l~lk~, vq kh k#b#l~lk~, wB k`sQyk~ qm` pLmR@vn~ m a#qgn~n` XOq~{ jly nv vs@r\ pLmR k`r\yyn~ s[h` up@y`~gW krg#nWm sQqE vQy. vQq~vw~ arQ@sn~ ahRbRqE pvsn~@n~, sQhlEn~ LQ[ h` gnR@qnR krn avs~}`@v|qW "sb|b p`ps~s akrnA: kOsls~s upsm|pq`" g`}`v kQy` sw& kQYy`@vhQ @y@qn bvy. sQAhl avRr#qE sm@yhQ v#dQhQtQynt gr# bRhRmn~ q#k~vWm vQ@X~; kr#Nk~ vn awr, e~ s[h` "bRlw~ hRr#l~l" up@y`~gW kr g#nQN. bRlw n`g@l`~k@yn~ @gn a` bvt @ewQh`sQk jnpYv`q gw pRvwkQ.

a`c`r\y sQrQ nQs~sAk @p@r\r`
hQtpR sAs~k^wQk shk`r a{&k;



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